Evolution. (n.d.). Retrieved 06 20, 2012 , from Evolution 101: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/VSpeciation.shtml
Wikipedia. (n.d.). Retrieved 06 20, 2012, from Speciation:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation
There are four types of speciation :
- Allopatric Speciation ( In greek, "allo" means other and "patric" means place )
* Occurs when populations are geographically or ecologically isolated.
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| http://evilfishgirl.deviantart.com/art/Allopatric-speciation-187280839 Example of Allopatric Speciation |
- Peripatric Speciation (In greek, "peri" means near and "patric" means place)
* Similar to allopatric speciation but involves the geographical isolation of small populations from the main population.
- Parapatric Speciation ( In greek, "para" means beside and "patric" means place )
* A large population may evolve into two or more species by specialization on different habitats within the geographical range of the ancestral species.
- Sympatric Speciation ( In greek, "sym" means same and "patric" means place )
* Reproductive isolation occur between two populations that live in the same location.
Evolution. (n.d.). Retrieved 06 20, 2012, from Types Of
Speciation:
http://evolution.about.com/od/macroevolution/tp/Types-Of-Speciation.htm
Process of Speciation
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| http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation |
Example 1: Allopatric speciation occurs when a geological barrier or a physical barrier forms. For example when there is a big population of beetles in the island but then a geological barrier forms between them. The geological barrier will make it become two different populations.
Selective agents can be helpful to differentiate the two populations. When the right hand side of the island provides plants to survive and the other side of the island provides seeds to survive, the beetles will be adapted with their new environment and physical changes will occur over the generations.
We will be able to see the difference over time when selective agents contribute to it.
If the physical changes become more exaggerated over many generations and if the two populations brought together they will be reproducing infertile offspring.
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| Picture Source : http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/VC1bAllopatric.shtml |
Example 2: A way for sympatric speciation to occur is through habitat differentiation. This is exactly what is happening to the North American apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella. Originally, these flies all had the native hawthorn tree as their habitat. However, when European settlers introduce the apple tree, some populations of R. pomonella colonized them. Apples mature faster than the hawthorn fruit, so rapid development has been an attribute favorable to the apple-feeding flies. Theses two variants are still classified as the same species (two subspecies within R. Pomonella), but there is a mating separation, so speciation is underway.
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| http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v465/n7301/full/4651019a.html Rhagoletis pomonella |
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCoEiLOV8jc
Bibliography
Evolution. (n.d.). Retrieved 06 20, 2012, from Types Of
Speciation:
http://evolution.about.com/od/macroevolution/tp/Types-Of-Speciation.htm
Evolution. (n.d.). Retrieved 06 20, 2012 , from Evolution 101:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/VSpeciation.shtml
Facts On File. (n.d.). Retrieved 06 21, 2012, from Science Online:
http://www.fofweb.com/Science/default.asp
Wikipedia. (n.d.). Retrieved 06 20, 2012, from Speciation:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation
Speciation. (n.d.). Retrieved 2012, from YouTube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCoEiLOV8jc
Yahoo. (n.d.). Retrieved 2012, from
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090220180649AAgamiA
